JENIS-JENIS TENSES :
Referensi 1.
1. Simple Present Tense (waktu sekarang sederhana)
Menjelaskan peristiwa yang terjadi di waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana atau suatu pekerjaan/perbuatan yang dilakukan berulang ulang, atau kebiasaan sehari hari, atau peristiwa/perbuatan yang tidak ada kaitannya
dengan waktu.
Formula :
- I,we,you,they INFINITIVE
- He,she,it INFINITIVE + S
Example :
1. Dipakai untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang biasa dilakukan karna kebiasaan.
- I go to scholl every day.
- He usually eats an egg for breakfast
2. Dipakai untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum yang tidak dapat dibantah.
- A week has seven days
- The sun rises in the east.
- The sun shines by day, and moon by night.
2.Present Continous Tense (waktu berlangsung sekarang)
Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu sekarang.
Formula :
To Be (am,is,are) + Present participle (ING-FORM)
Example :
1. Dipakai untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung
- They are studying English now .
2. Dipakai untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang bersifat sementara.
- She is reading now but she will write soon.
3. Dipakai untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang dimaksud pada waktu yang akan datang
- We are writing again in a few weeks.
3. Simple Past Tense (waktu Lampau sederhana)
Menerangkan peristiwa yang terjadi, atau tindakan kegiatan, perbuatan / pekerjaan yang dilakukan pada waktu lampau dalam bentuk sederhana dan diketahui pula waktu terjadinya peristiwa atau pekerjaan yang dilakukan itu.
Formula :
I,we,you,they, he,she,it + Past tense.
Example :
Dipakai untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang selesai dilakukan pada waktu lampau.
- I saw a good film last night
- He went to malang last week
- She came here yesterday
4. Past Continous Tense (waktu berlangsung lampau)
Menyatakan peristiwa atau perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau pada saat peristiwa yang lain terjadi atau perbuatan yang dilakukan.
Formula :
- I,she,he,it (Was + Present participle)
- We,you,they (Were + Present Participle)
Example :
Menyatakan perbuatan yang sudah dimulai dan masih berlangsung ketika perbuatan lain menyusul pada waktu lampau.
- While I was bathing in the river I heard a fearful cry.
- When you called me, I was listening to the radio.
- They were talking about sports when I met them.
- He was watching television all afternoon yesterday.
Referensi 2.
1.Simple Present Tense.
Berfungsi untuk :
- Untuk menyetakan kebenaran umum/ fakta (general truth / fact)
- Kegiatan sehari-hari (habbitual or everyday activities)
- Untuk menyatakan jadwal / shedule.
Pola Kalimat :
1. Kalimat Nominal
S+ tobe (is,am,are) + pelengkap
(benda,sifat, keterangan, dan kata ganti orang).
2. Kalimat verbal
- S+ (I,you,we,they) + v1+ O.
- S+(He,she,it) +v1+(s/es)+O
•Formula (+,-,? Untuk Nominal).
- Kalimat nominal positif : S + tobe + pelengkap.
- Kalimat nominal negativ: S + tobe + not + pelengkap.
- Kalimat nominal introgativ :Tobe + S + pelengkap.
•Formula (+,-,? Untuk verbal).
- Kalimat verbal positif : S + verb1 +Obj
- Kalimat verbal negatif : S + do not + v1 + O
- Kalimat verbal negative :Do + S +verb1 +Obj.
Contoh kalimat nominal :
1.(+) I am smart
(-) I am not smart
(?) I am smart ?
2.(+) They are in the classroom.
(-) They are not in the classroom.
(?) Are they in the classroom?
3.(+) My mother is nurse
(-) My mother is not nurse.
(?) Is my mother a nurse ?
Contoh kalimat verbal :
1.(+) I go to school by bus
(-) I do not go to shool by bus
(?) do I go to school by bus
2.(+) We play badminton once a week
(-) We do not play badminton once a week
(?) do we play badminton once a week?
3.(+)They work everyday
(-)They do not work everyday
(?) Do they work everyday ?
2. Present Continous Tense.
Digunakan untuk meyatakan :
2.(+) We are taking three courses this semester.
(-) We are not taking three courses this semester.
(?) Are we taking three courses this semester.
3.(+) It is raining now
(-) It is not raining now
(?) is it raining now?
3. Simple Past Tense.
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kegiatan atau keadaaan pada masa lampau.
Pola kalimat :
Kalimat nominal :
1.(+) I was busy last week
(-) I was not busy last week
(?) Was I busy last week?
2.(+) He was in bandung yesterday
(-) he was not in bandung yesterday.
(?) Was he in bandung yesterday ?
3.(+)She was sick two days ago
(-) She was not sick two days ago.
(?) Was she sick two days ago?
Kalimat verbal :
1.(+) I studied english last night
(-) I did not study english last night
(?) did I study english last night
2.(+) She cooked rice yesterday morning.
(-) she did not cook rice yesterday morning.
(?)did she cook rice yesterday morning.
3.(+) You went to school five minutes ago.
(-) You did not go to school five minutes ago
(?) did you go to school five minutes ago?
Digunakan untuk meyatakan :
- Peristiwa atau kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada saat peryataan dikemukakan.
- Peristiwa / kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di sekitar waktu peryataan tersebut di kemukakkan.
Formula :
S+ to be (is,am,are) + Ving + Obj.
- Kalimat positif : S+to be+ Ving+obj
- Kalimat negative : S+to be + not + Ving+obj
- Kalimat introgative : to be + S+Ving+obj. 1.
Example :
1. (+) I am studying english right now
(-) I am not studying english right now.
(?) Am I studying studying english right now?2.(+) We are taking three courses this semester.
(-) We are not taking three courses this semester.
(?) Are we taking three courses this semester.
3.(+) It is raining now
(-) It is not raining now
(?) is it raining now?
3. Simple Past Tense.
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kegiatan atau keadaaan pada masa lampau.
Pola kalimat :
- Kalimat nominal : S+was/were + Pelengkap + kata ketereangan waktu.
- Kalimat verbal : S+v2+obj+keterangan waktu
Formula
1. Formula (+,-,?) untuk Nominal:
- Kalimat positif : S+was/were+pelengkap + ket.waktu
- Kalimat negative : S+was/were+ not + pelengkap + ket.waktu
- Kalimat introgative :Was/were + S pelengkap + ket.waktu.
- Kalimat Positif : S+v2+obj+ket.waktu
- Kalimat negative : S+ did not + v1+obj+ket.waktu
- Kalimat introgative :Did + S + v1 +obj + ket.waktu
Kalimat nominal :
1.(+) I was busy last week
(-) I was not busy last week
(?) Was I busy last week?
2.(+) He was in bandung yesterday
(-) he was not in bandung yesterday.
(?) Was he in bandung yesterday ?
3.(+)She was sick two days ago
(-) She was not sick two days ago.
(?) Was she sick two days ago?
Kalimat verbal :
1.(+) I studied english last night
(-) I did not study english last night
(?) did I study english last night
2.(+) She cooked rice yesterday morning.
(-) she did not cook rice yesterday morning.
(?)did she cook rice yesterday morning.
3.(+) You went to school five minutes ago.
(-) You did not go to school five minutes ago
(?) did you go to school five minutes ago?
4. Past Continous Tense.
Digunakan untuk menyatakan hal-hal sebagai berikut :
(-) This time last month, I was not looking for a job.
(?) This time last month, was I looking for a job?
2.(+)This time last year, it was snowing.
(-) This time last year, it was not snowing.
(?) This time last year,was it snowing?
3.(+) Justin was cleaning his car at 8.30 this mornig.
(-) Justin was not cleaning his car at this morning.
(?) Was justin not cleaning his car at this morning?
Referensi :
1. Drs.Jhon S Hartanto, Drs. Skoentjoro, Drs.Manaf asmoro Seputro. 2009 Accurate, Brif and Clear English Grammer. Surabaya : INDAH Surabaya
2. lim Rohimah Kahfiyyah S.Pd , Randi Renggana S.S. 2011 Cepat Mudah Menggunakan 16 Tenses dalam Menulis dan Berbicara Bahasa inggris. Bandung : RuangKata Kawan Pustaka
- Menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu dimasa lampau.
- Menyatakan dua kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan pada waktu yang bersamaan dimasa lampau.
- Menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan ketika kegiatan/peristiwa lain terjadi di masa lampau.
Pola kalimat :
S + was/were + verb-ing +obj +ket.waktu- Kalimat positif : S+was/were + verb-ing+obj+ket.waktu
- Kalimat negative : S+was/were + not+ verb -ing+obj+ket.waktu.
- Kalimat introgative : Was/were + S + verb ing +obj +ket.waktu
Example :
1.(+) This time last month, I was looking for a job.(-) This time last month, I was not looking for a job.
(?) This time last month, was I looking for a job?
2.(+)This time last year, it was snowing.
(-) This time last year, it was not snowing.
(?) This time last year,was it snowing?
3.(+) Justin was cleaning his car at 8.30 this mornig.
(-) Justin was not cleaning his car at this morning.
(?) Was justin not cleaning his car at this morning?
Referensi :
1. Drs.Jhon S Hartanto, Drs. Skoentjoro, Drs.Manaf asmoro Seputro. 2009 Accurate, Brif and Clear English Grammer. Surabaya : INDAH Surabaya
2. lim Rohimah Kahfiyyah S.Pd , Randi Renggana S.S. 2011 Cepat Mudah Menggunakan 16 Tenses dalam Menulis dan Berbicara Bahasa inggris. Bandung : RuangKata Kawan Pustaka