2nd Assigment

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

• Berfungsi :

1. Menyatakan keegiatan yang sudah dilakukan di masa lampau, tetapi hasilnya masih terasa sampai sekarang.
2. Menyatakan kegiatan yang sudah dilakukan di masa lampau ,tetapi tidak disebutkn secara spesifik waktu kejadiannya.
3. Menyatakan situasi yang dimulai di masa lampau, tetapi masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.

• Pola Kalimat : Predikatnya menggunakan HAVE/HAS + been + V3.
• Kalimat nominal : Pada kalimat nominal predikatnya menggunakan have/has been.
• Formula :

(+) Subjek + Have/Has+been + pelengkap

(-) Subjek + Have/Has +not +been + pelengkap

(?) Have/Has + subjek + been + pelengkap ?

•  Contoh Kalimat :

         1.(+) I have been here for fifteen minutes.

            (-) I have not been here for fifteen minutes.

            (?) Have I been here for fifteen minutes.

        2.(+) You have been a pilot since 1999

           (-) You have not been a pilot since 1999

           (?) Have you been a pilot ince 1999?

       3.(+) He has been in hospital since last night.

          (-) He has not been in hospital since last night

          (?) Has he been in hospital since last night?

•  Kalimat verbal : Pada kalimat verbal predikatnya menggunakan Have/has+V3
• Formula :

(+) Subjek + Have/Has+ V3 + objek.

(-) Subjek + Have/Has + not + V3 + objek.

(?)  Have/Has + subjek + V3+objek ?

• Contoh Kalimat :

       1.(+) I have already had lunch

          (-) I have not had lunch yet

          (?) Have I already had lunch?

      2.(+) You have just met beyonce.

         (-) You have not just met beyonce.

         (?) Have you met beyonce?

      3.(+) Ocha have known each other since we were in london.

         (-) Ocha have not known each other yet.

         (?) have ocha known each other since we were in london.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUSE TENSE

• Berfungsi :

1. Menyatakan kegiatan yang dimulai di masa lampau, tetapi masih berlangsung sampai sekarang. Biasanya menyebutkan lamanya durasi kegiatan tersebut.
2. Menyatakan kegiatan yang dimulai di masa lampau dan baru saja selesai ( hasilnya masih terlihat sekarang).

• Pola kalimat : Subjek + Have/has been + V1 + ing + Objek.
• Formula :

(+) Subjek + Have/Has + been + V1 + ing + objek

(-)  Subjek + Have/Has + not + been + V1 + ing + objek

(?) Have/has + subjek + been _ V1+ ing + objek ?

• Contoh kalimat :

      1.(+) They have been reading comics for an hour.

         (-) They have not been reading comics for an hour. 

         (?) Have they been reading comics for an hour ?

      2.(+) The boys have been playing soccer since 4 o’clock

         (-) The boys  have  not been playing soccer since 4 o’clock

         (?) have the boys been playing soccer since 4 o’clock ?

     3.(+) Ocha has been writing poems all day.

        (-) Ocha has not been writing poems all day.

        (?) Has ocha been writing poems all day.

PAST PERFECT TENSE

• Berfungsi :

1. Menekankan lamanya durasi suatu kejadian yang sudah berlangsung sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lampau (untuk kalimat nominal).
2. Kegiatan / kejadian yang sudah terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu dimasa lampau (untuk kalimat verbal).
3. Kegiatan yang sudah di lakukan sebelum kegiatan lain terjadi di masa lampau (untuk kalimat verbal).

• Pola Kalimat :  Pola kaliamtnya dibagi menjadi kalimat nominal dan verbal.
• Kalimat nominal : menggunakan had+been. Sedangkan kalimat verbal menggunakan had + V3.
• Pola Kalimat Nominal : S + had + Been + pelengkap + ket.waktu
•  Formula : 

(+) S + had + been + pelengkap + ket.waktu

(-) S + had + been +not + pelengkap + ket.waktu

(?) Had + S + been + pelengkap + ket.waktu ?

•  Contoh Kalimat :

          1.(+)  When I met bill, he was twenty six years old. He had been in the dermatory for two                       years.

            (-) When I met bill, he was twenty six years old. He had not been in the dermatory for two                   years.

            (?) When I met bill, he was twenty six years old. Had he been in the dermatory for two years ?

         2.(+) Smith went to china last year. He had been there three times.

            (-)  Smith went to china last year. He had not been there three times.

            (?) Smith went to china last year. Had he been there three times?

        3.(+) When I go home, I gave my relatives some souvenirs. I had been in Austrlia.

           (-) When I go home, I gave my relatives some souvenirs. I had not been in Austrlia.

           (?) When I go home, I gave my relatives some souvenirs. Had I been in Austrlia?

• Pola Kalimat Verbal : S+had + V3+  Objek + ket.waktu.
•  Formula :

   (+)S + had + V3 + obj + ket.waktu

(-) S+ had + not + V3 + ket.waktu

(?) Had + S + V3 + ket.waktu 

•  Contoh Kalimat :

          1.(+) Yesterday I did not go the cafeteria because I was not hungry. I had had breakfast.

             (-) Yesterday I went to the cafeteria because I was hungry. I had not had breakfast.

             (?) Yesterday I went to the cafeteria because I was hungry. had I not had breakfast?

         2.(+) By the time we went home, the rain had stopped.

            (-)  By the time we went home, the rain had not stopped.

            (?) By the time we went home, hadn’t the rain stopped?

         3.(+) You had left when your boyfriend got to the café.

            (-)  You had not left when your boyfriend go to the café.

            (?) Had you left when your boyfriend go to the café ?

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

• Berfugsi :

1. Menekankan lamanya durasi kegiatan yang telah berlangsung  ketika kejadian lain terjadi di masa lampau.
2. Menyatakan kegiatan atau kejadian yang baru saja selesai dan hasilnya masih terlihat di masa lampau.

• Pola Kalimat : S+ had + been + V1+ing + obj+ket.waktu.
•  Formula :

(+) S+ had + been + V1 + ing + Obj + ket.waktu.

(-) S + had + not +been + V1 + ing + obj + ket.waktu

(?)  had + S + been + V1 + ing + ket.waktu

•  Contoh Kalimat :

           1.(+) My sister had been waiting  for two hours when I finally came.

              (-)  My sister had not  been waiting  for two hours when I finally came.

              (?)  Had My sister been waiting  for two hours when I finally came ?

   

           2.(+) Donald had been smoking for fifteen years when he decided to give it up.

              (-) Donald had not been smoking for fifteen years when he decided to give it up.

             (?) Had Donald been smoking for fifteen years when he decided to give it up?

           3.(+) You had been looking for dog for two weeks when you found it.

              (-)  You had not been looking for dog for two weeks when you found it.

              (?)  Had you been looking for dog for two weeks when you found it.

Referensi : lim Rohimah Kahfiyyah S.Pd , Randi Renggana S.S.  2011 Cepat Mudah Menggunakan 16 Tenses dalam Menulis dan Berbicara Bahasa inggris. Bandung : RuangKata Kawan Pustaka